Methodology of historical cartographic models atlases creation according to aerial photography data with the use of geoinformation technologies

Abstract

The subject of the study is the method of creating atlases of historical cartographic models according to aerial photography. The object of the study is the process of creating various types of thematic mapping models that contain specific information on archival and contemporary mapping materials that cover historical events. The purpose of the work is to increase the informativeness and clarity of historical mapping models, to provide a holistic view about the location and changes of the particular area infrastructural objects in different historical periods. Conclusions. Existing foreign and domestic historical mapping models, created using geoinformation technologies, are analyzed. It is shown that from the mid-90's of XX century due to the fact of free software and open mapping services appearance, the active development of foreign historical national projects with the use of geoinformation technologies began. At the same time, the development and creation of historical cartographic models in Ukraine are currently in their infancy. However, the implementation of national historical WEB-GIS projects is a promising area of "Digital history" and contributes to the intensification of humanitarian online technologies and the development of historical-oriented Internet resources. Therefore, the creation of atlases of historical cartographic models of Ukraine's terrain is an urgent task. The organization of German aerial photography of the Luftwaffe during the Second World War is analyzed, and on the basis of the results of this analysis, an approach to obtaining aerial photographs from the specialized Internet sites documenting the historical changes in the infrastructure of the territory of Ukraine is formulated. The methodology of digital image processing at aerial photography scanning is developed. Functional dependencies of the size of a scanned aerial image file and the set of scan parameters (color scheme, resolution, size of the original and file format of the digitized image) were experimentally established. The proposed method allows aerial photography to be digitally stored, which is a much simpler task than storing analog aerial films and prints, since it does not require such strict adherence to temperature, humidity, etc., and also requires less storage space. Methods for creating atlases of historical cartographic models based on aerial photography using geoinformation technologies have been developed. The proposed method was tested using archival data of aerial photographs of the city of Kharkov during World War II. The proposed methodology involves the analysis and selection of aerial film frames that meet certain special criteria and are suitable for creating atlases of historical cartographic models. The technique also involves determining the metadata of each snapshot. Ultimately, the result of the proposed method is to obtain mosaic historical mapping models as well as historical 3D models of the territory. In addition, the methodology provides the decoding of aerial photographs of historical changes in the infrastructure of a certain area. In this way, the methodology of geo-information software and technical procuring of the atlases of historical cartographic models development on the basis of the aerial photography data proposed and makes it possible to get documents and documental information about the historical changes of infrastructure of the study area.